.           CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE   SHAREWARE Version 3.5            
                              USER MANUAL                             
                                                                      
             Copyright 1991-94 Cumberland Family Software             
                          All rights reserved                         
                                                                      
                          LHA Archive Utility                         
                 Copyright Haruyasu Yoshizaki, 1988-91                
                                                                      
.                     CUMBERLAND FAMILY SOFTWARE                      
                              Ira J. Lund                             
                        385 Idaho Springs Road                        
                         Clarksville, TN 37043                        
                            (615) 647-4012                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.                  WELCOME TO CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE                  
                                                                      
You are now the proud owner of the most user-friendly genealogy       
program available! Here is a brief overview of the major features of  
Cumberland Family Tree (NST Version).                                 
                                                                      
* Cumberland Family Tree allows entry of individual names, occupation,
  birth, christening, marriage, death and burial dates and places     
  tying them all together automatically as a family and extended      
  family structure.                                                   
* Friendly pop-up menus and screens with extensive on-line help.  Much
  easier to use than other genealogy programs which use the old       
  fashioned menu driven approach. No other program contains as much   
  on-line help.                                                       
* Surnames are allowed at beginning, middle or ending of name for full
  international compatibility.  This feature is unavailable in other  
  programs. People from Asian descent CANNOT use any other program    
  without changing the order of their names.                          
* Automatic entry of father's surname when a child is added.          
  Automatic entry of child's surname when a father is entered.  This  
  feature is unknown in any other program. If the surname is not      
  correct then simply over write it.                                  
* Enter place names only once!  The ability to enter a place name once
  and select it from an easy to use pop-up window forever after is    
  unknown in any other program.  This is an enormous time saver as    
  many genealogies are filled with many people who were born, married,
  and died in the same town for several generations. The re-typing of 
  places names (as is done in other programs) is very time consuming. 
* Printing of pedigree charts, descendants, family group sheets,      
  individual and marriage listings, birthday, anniversaries, ordinance
  check lists and other reports.  Includes on-screen viewing of       
  printed reports.                                                    
* GEDCOM import/export utility allows transferring of data between    
  Cumberland Family Tree and other major genealogy programs.          
* LDS ordinance fields.                                               
                                                                      
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.                     IMPROVEMENTS TO VERSION 3.5                     
                        Compared to Version 3.4                       
                                                                      
* New Printer Configuration option allows for pre-programmed printers.
* New, cleaner screens.                                               
* New ORDER information and registration locations.                   
* New Individual Form report.                                         
                                                                      
======================================================================
.TABLE OF CONTENTS                                 Line Number        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      
           A. Installation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140           
                1. Hardware & DOS Requirements  . . 143               
                2. Installation . . . . . . . . . . 165               
                3. Configuring for Windows  . . . . 205               
                4. Upgrading from Version 3.4 . . . 227               
           B. Cumberland Family Tree Program Overview . 244           
                1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 246               
                2. The CTREE Database . . . . . . . 303               
                3. File Listing . . . . . . . . . . 353               
           C. Creating a new CTREE database . . . . . . 389           
           D. The Help Windows  . . . . . . . . . . . . 433           
           E. The Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458           
           F. Individual Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . 485           
           G. Change Key Individual . . . . . . . . . . 613           
               1. Change to Spouse/Father/Mother .  619               
               2. Change to Child  . . . . . . . .  624               
               3. Change to Other Marriage . . . .  632               
               4. Change by entering RIN . . . . .  645               
               5. Name Search  . . . . . . . . . .  650               
               6. Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  672               
           H. Function Key Menus  . . . . . . . . . . . 682           
               1. Menu Overview  . . . . . . . . .  685               
               2. F2-File  . . . . . . . . . . . .  701               
                   a. User Information . . . .  703                   
                   b. Drive & Directory  . . .  710                   
                   c. Empty Data Files . . . .  741                   
                   d. Program Configuration  .  745                   
                        i. General Information  747                   
                       ii. Printer Definition   776                   
                   e. Exit to DOS  . . . . . .  802                   
               3. F3-Edit  . . . . . . . . . . . .  807               
                   a. Edit Marriage  . . . . .  809                   
                   b. Edit Notes . . . . . . .  826                   
                   c. Linkage Editor . . . . .  836                   
                   d. Add Individual [No Link]  894                   
                   e. Insert Child . . . . . .  910                   
                   f. Delete Individual  . . .  917                   
                   g. Delete Individual [RIN]   926                   
               4. F4-Rearrange . . . . . . . . . .  934               
                   a. Children Order . . . . .  936                   
                   b. Multiple Marriages . . .  944                   
                5. F5-Print1 . . . . . . . . . . .  955               
                   a. Creating, Viewing and                           
                      Printing Reports . . . .  957                   
                   b. Pedigree Charts  . . . .  978                   
                   c. Ahnentafel Charts  . . .  997                   
                   d. Descendant Charts  . . . 1005                   
                   e. Family Group Sheets  . . 1009                   
                   f. Time Line  . . . . . . . 1023                   
                   g. Statistics . . . . . . . 1040                   
                   h. Missing Information  . . 1049                   
                   i. Individual Form  . . . . 1054                   
               6. F6-Print2  . . . . . . . . . . . 1061               
                   a. Alpha Individual List  . 1063                   
                   b. RIN Sorted List  . . . . 1067                   
                   c. Birthday List  . . . . . 1071                   
                   d. Marriage List  . . . . . 1079                   
                   e. Anniversary List . . . . 1083                   
                   f. Notes List . . . . . . . 1091                   
                   g. LDS Ordinance Check List 1095                   
               7. F7-Utilities . . . . . . . . . . 1103               
                   a. Edit Place Name  . . . . 1106                   
                   b. Delete Place Name  . . . 1114                   
                   c. Merge Place Names  . . . 1124                   
                   d. GEDCOM Import/Export . . 1134                   
           I. The CSORT Utility . . . . . . . . . . .  1168           
           J. Research Suggestions  . . . . . . . . .  1187           
               1. Individual Naming Conventions  . 1192               
               2. Place Naming Conventions . . . . 1204               
               3. Date Conventions . . . . . . . . 1216               
                                                                      
           Appendix A. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . 1239           
           Appendix B. Error Messages  . . . . . . . . 1305           
                                                                      
======================================================================
.A.  INSTALLATION                                                     
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.1. HARDWARE AND DOS REQUIREMENTS                                     
                                                                      
This program requires an IBM compatible computer. It runs okay on a   
286 computer, but will do much better on a 386 or faster.             
                                                                      
A hard drive is required. The program and associated data files       
together with a small database will take a minimum of 1.0 megabyte of 
hard drive space.  Although this will fit on larger floppy disks, as  
you add data it will quickly become too large.                        
                                                                      
640K of RAM (Memory) is required!  480K of Ram needs to be free for   
the program to run. If you have many TSR's or CONFIG.SYS drivers      
loaded the program may not have enough memory to run.                 
                                                                      
Almost all printers are supported by this software.  Printer          
configuration strings for Epson and HP Laserjet are included in this  
manual. Most printers are compatible with these two printers. You can 
also enter the appropriate printer codes for other printers.          
                                                                      
DOS 3.0 and up is recommended. This program will also run well under  
Windows 3.1 and above.                                                
                                                                      
.2. INSTALLING THE PROGRAM                                            
                                                                      
From the Cumberland Family Tree diskette simply type INSTALL at the   
DOS prompt and follow directions.  The Install procedure will check to
see if you have enough available hard disk space. It will then un-    
compress the files (which are in compressed LZH archived self-        
extracting files) and install them in the selected directory.  Do not 
create the directory before installation. The install procedure will  
only install the program in a directory which it creates.  You will   
also be warned about modifying your config.sys file as explained      
below.                                                                
                                                                      
You must add or edit the following lines of your CONFIG.SYS file in   
the root directory and re-boot to run this program:                   
                                                                      
                    FILES=40                                          
                    BUFFERS=20                                        
                                                                      
After the CONFIG.SYS file has been edited, you must re-boot the       
computer before the changes will take effect.                         
                                                                      
Check the README file for a list of files contained on the            
distribution diskette.  See "Cumberland Family Tree Program Overview" 
for a list of the files which will appear on your hard drive after the
program has been installed.                                           
                                                                      
======================================================================
WARNING! This program holds data in memory and automatically saves    
data as you exit the program.  DO NOT TURN OFF THE COMPUTER or RE-BOOT
WHILE THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING. Data in memory will not be written to   
disk and unrecoverable data corruption will occur.  Please backup     
regularly to insure against inadvertent problems such as a power      
failure.  This program has an automatic screen blanker. If you leave  
the program running unattended the screen will blank out after about 5
minutes.  Press any key to turn the screen on again. Be careful to not
assume that the computer is turned off if the screen is blank. Re-    
booting the computer while the program is running will probably       
corrupt your data.                                                    
======================================================================
                                                                      
.3. CONFIGURING FOR WINDOWS                                           
                                                                      
After you have installed Cumberland Family Tree as explained above,   
then start Windows as you normally would. Open one of the Groups where
you wish to install Cumberland Family Tree (such as the "Main" Group.)
Select the File pull-down menu from the Program Manager.  Select "New"
and highlight "Program Item".  You will now see a screen where you can
inter the following information:                                      
                                                                      
         Description:  Cumberland Family Tree                         
        Command Line:  CTREE                                          
         Working Dir:  C:\CTREE  (or other directory you defined      
                      during installation.)                           
                                                                      
You can select the "Change Icon" button and choose an Icon from the   
Program Manager. Press OK on all screens until you are back to the    
main Window, where you should now see the Icon and Cumberland Family  
Tree program within your selected Group. To run simply double click on
the Icon as you would any other program. Cumberland Family Tree does  
not support a mouse.  It is a DOS program and once you are in the     
program you should operate it as a DOS program.                       
                                                                      
.4. UPGRADING FROM CUMBERLAND TREE VERSION 3.4                        
                                                                      
The file structure for Version 3.5 is identical to Version 3.3, except
for CTREE.CFG. CTREE.CFG is only needed in the main CTREE sub-        
directory. Therefore you simply need to backup your old data files,   
install the new program and then restore your old data files for      
immediate access to them.                                             
                                                                      
1. Copy the data files (in your CTREE sub-directory) to a safe        
   directory or a floppy disk for later restoration.                  
2. Install the new version of Cumberland Family Tree as explained     
   above.                                                             
3. Copy the saved files from step 1 back to the new CTREE sub-        
   directory. Your database should now be ready to use.               
                                                                      
                                                                      
======================================================================
.B.  CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE PROGRAM OVERVIEW                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.1. OVERVIEW                                                          
                                                                      
The CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE Program is an application program for doing
genealogy work.  It allows entry of individual names, birth,          
christening, marriage, death and burial dates and places tying them   
all together automatically as a family and extended family structure. 
It will print out pedigree charts, descendant charts, family group    
sheets, individual and marriage listings, birthdays, anniversaries,   
ordinance check lists and many other reports.                         
                                                                      
Visually attractive pop-up menus allow you to always know where you   
are and where you came from in the program.  The simple pop-up screens
make this complicated program appear to be much simpler than it really
is.                                                                   
                                                                      
The program automatically keeps track of relationships of all         
individuals. This is accomplished because an individual is added only 
by entering him/her into the existing family structure.  There is no  
lengthy sequence of menus to track through in order to identify       
someone into the family lineage.                                      
                                                                      
Repeat typing of surnames is greatly reduced by automatically adding  
the father's surname to a new individual, or an individual's surname  
when a father is added.                                               
                                                                      
Flexible, world-wide individual name entry is accomplished by allowing
a surname to appear anywhere in the name. Two fields request a name.  
In the first field is entered the surname and all names following it. 
In the second field is entered all names (if any) preceding the       
surname.  Thus, names can still be sorted alphabetically by surname.  
                                                                      
Examples of names:                                                    
                                                                      
       Standard English/American: Ira Johan LUND                      
 Scandinavian name with appended                                      
          ancestry locality name: Johan Severin SVENDSEN Rage         
Oriental (Surnames always first): ZHENG Chooi Fong                    
                                                                      
Any place name only needs to be entered once. Most genealogies are    
filled with people being born, marrying and dying in the same place,  
generation after generation.  Once a full place name (city, county,   
state/country) is entered it is assigned a place name number.  Any    
subsequent use of that same place name can be entered by simply       
entering it's number. Whenever a place name is requested and a number 
is entered, the number is immediately replaced with the name, thus    
assuring immediate verification of the proper place name.             
                                                                      
This program also imports and exports GEDCOM (GEnealogical Data       
COMmunication) files. GEDCOM is the standard format for interchanging 
data between various genealogy programs. Most major genealogy programs
support importing and exporting to GEDCOM files.  This allows the     
transference of data between programs.                                
                                                                      
Limitations:   20 Children per marriage                               
                8 Spouses per individual                              
                                                                      
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.2. THE CTREE DATABASE                                                
                                                                      
A short description of how the Cumberland Family Tree data files work 
may help you better understand how the program works and the          
relationship between the data files.                                  
                                                                      
The primary files are INDIVID.DAT and MARRIAGE.DAT.  (Any files with  
an extension of K01,K02, etc. are simply indexes for the associated   
data files.) INDIVID.DAT contains a record for each individual in your
database. It contains a pointer which points to the marriage record   
(MRIN) of his/her parents. It also contains an array of 8 elements    
which points to the marriage record of his/her marriages.             
MARRIAGE.DAT contains one record per marriage. It contains pointers   
pointing to the RIN of the husband, the wife and an array of 20       
elements pointing the RIN of each child in the marriage. The diagram  
below illustrates these relationships.                                
                                                                      
INDIVID.DAT                                                           
                        Parents    MRIN for                           
RIN Name                 MRIN     First Marriage                      
 1. Mr. Smith             0          1                                
 2. Mrs. Smith            0          1                                
 3. First Child Smith     1          0                                
 4. Second Child Smith    1          0                                
                                                                      
MARRIAGE.DAT                                                          
MRIN  Husband  Wife  Child#1  Child#2 ...                             
 1.      1      2       3        4                                    
                                                                      
INDIVID.DAT and MARRIAGE.DAT also contain place pointers (not a place 
name) for each occurrence of a place name (Birth, Chr, Marriage, Death
and Burial).  These pointers point to the record number of the place  
name contained in the PLACE.DAT file.                                 
                                                                      
INDIVID.DAT also contains a pointer pointing to the first note        
contained in HISTORY.DAT. Each record in HISTORY.DAT contains a       
pointer pointing to the next note, thus a group of ten notes can be   
linked as shown below:                                                
                                                                      
INDIVID.DAT                                                           
RIN  Name            Note Ptr                                         
 1. Mr. Smith          20                                             
                                                                      
HISTORY.DAT                                                           
Record  Entered Note      Next Ptr                                    
 20.    First note          21                                        
 21.    Second Note         22                                        
 22.    Last Note            0                                        
                                                                      
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.3. FILE LISTING                                                      
                                                                      
     --------------SHAREWARE-INFORMATION-FILES------------------      
     README          Readme (says to read VENDINFO.TXT)               
     README.BAT      Always paused reading of VENDINFO.TXT            
     VENDINFO.TXT    User and Vendor Info, Distribution, License      
     FILE_ID.DIZ     BBS, Vendor program description                  
     ORDER.TXT       Order form for Users                             
     ORDER.BAT       Batch file to print order form                   
                                                                      
     --------------PROGRAM-FILES--------------------------------      
      CTREE.EXE         The Cumberland Family Tree Program            
      CTREE.CFG         Cumberland Family Tree Configuration File     
      CSORT.EXE         Program to fix key file corruption            
      CTMANUAL.TXT      Text file containing manual and help          
      CTHELP.IDX        Help Index File                               
      CTHELP.K01        Key file for Help Index CTHELP.IDX            
      PRINTERS.DAT      Printer setup codes                           
      PRINTERS.K01      Key file for PRINTERS.DAT                     
                                                                      
     --------------CUMBERLAND-TREE-DATA-FILES-------------------      
                                                                      
      HISTORY.DAT       Historical Notes Database                     
      INDIVID.DAT       Individual Database                           
      MARRIAGE.DAT      Marriage Database                             
      PLACE.DAT         Place Name Database                           
      TIMELINE.DAT      Time Line Data File                           
      USERID.DAT        User Info File                                
      INDIVID.K01       Individual Key File #1                        
      INDIVID.K02       Individual Key File #2                        
      MARRIAGE.K01      Marriage Key File                             
      PLACE.K01         Place Name Key File                           
     -----------------------------------------------------------      
                                                                      
                                                                      
======================================================================
.C.  CREATING A NEW CTREE DATABASE                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Cumberland Family Tree comes with a sample database which you can use 
to experiment with the program. As soon as you would like to begin    
entering your own data there are two ways in which you may prepare the
program to receive your data.                                         
                                                                      
Option 1. If you do not care to keep the sample database you may      
    simply pull down the F2-File menu and select "Empty Data Files".  
    This option will prompt you before deleting the files and         
    rebuilding empty files for your use.  These files will be in the  
    same sub-directory as the CTREE program. That is all you need to  
    do. You may now enter your own data.                              
                                                                      
Option 2. If you want to keep the sample database for occasional      
    experimentation or if you have more than one database you would   
    like to set up and maintain you may want to create other sub-     
    directories with CTREE data.                                      
                                                                      
    Step 1. Create sub-directories as needed while in DOS. For        
    example: Since the sample data is in C:\CTREE I might create a    
    sub-directory for my family within the tree sub-directory         
    C:\CTREE\LUND. If I am working on other lines I might also create 
    other sub-directories such as C:\CTREE\BROWN.                     
                                                                      
      C:\ ----CTREE--+--LUND                                          
                     |                                                
                     +--BROWN                                         
                                                                      
    The diagram above showing two sub-directories out of the CTREE    
    sub-directories would contain three sets of data, one in CTREE,   
    one in LUND and one in BROWN. See your DOS manual on Making       
    Directories.  The command is MKDIR or MD. to make the LUND sub-   
    directory, you would type MD \TREE\LUND.                          
                                                                      
    Step 2. Start the program from the CTREE sub-directory (by        
    entering CTREE).  Pull down the F2-File menu and select "Drive &  
    Directory". By entering a new directory path name such as         
    C:\CTREE\LUND, the program will make the data files in that sub-  
    directory the current database. If this is a new sub-directory    
    with no CTREE data files, the program will automatically create   
    new empty data files for your use.                                
                                                                      
======================================================================
.D. THE HELP WINDOWS                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Help System works by opening a screen into the on-disk manual     
called CTMANUAL.TXT. The Help System is context sensitive. It opens   
the text file to the location explaining the option you are currently 
using.  There are also three help options to help you find the        
information and help you need.                                        
                                                                      
1. F2-INDEX. This option opens a pop-up window with a list of indexed 
   topics. The topics are entered alphabetically and you can quickly  
   find what you are interested in by beginning to type the name of   
   the topic.  As the letters you type appear at the top of the       
   window, the list will automatically scroll to the nearest          
   alphabetical location in the list.  You may also page-up and page- 
   down. Use the arrow keys to select your topic and press the enter  
   key to select it.  The on-line Manual-Help System will immediately 
   open to the appropriate location.                                  
2. F3-LINE. This option allows you to enter the line number in the    
   help text file which you wish to quickly go to.                    
3. F4-SEARCH. You may press F4 and enter any word.  The Help System   
   will search the manual for the word entered, beginning at the      
   current location.  If the word is found it will display the page   
   with the word highlighted.                                         
                                                                      
======================================================================
.E.  THE MAIN SCREEN                                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Before describing the main screen you must first understand the       
database structure of CUMBERLAND FAMILY TREE. As an individual is     
entered, he/she is automatically assigned a Record Identification     
Number (RIN).  Whenever a spouse or marriage is entered a Marriage    
Record Identification Number (MRIN) is automatically assigned.  These 
unique numbers help identify each individual, even when there are more
than one person with the same name. The RIN and MRIN are used         
throughout the program and are printed on many of the reports.  You do
not need to attempt to memorize these numbers as all individuals can  
be accessed by name only.                                             
                                                                      
The main program screen consists of one family group. The key         
individual is the first one at the top. Associated with that          
individual is the spouse, parents and children of that marriage.      
Adding or editing an individual is as simple as pointing to the       
appropriate location and pressing the enter/return key to bring up the
Individual Edit Screen.                                               
                                                                      
At the top of the screen is printed the User Name and Reports Title   
which can be edited by the User Information selection from the F2-File
menu.  Just above the Family Group is a list of the available menus.  
At the very bottom of the screen is a list of single character        
commands which allows the displayed Family Group to be changed.       
                                                                      
======================================================================
.F.  INDIVIDUAL EDITOR                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------
To edit an existing individual or add a new individual use the up and 
down cursor keys to "point" to the appropriate individual or "-Add-". 
Simply press the return key to pop-up the individual editor.          
                                                                      
Older European church parish registers often recorded the Christening 
(Chr) date of an infant. This date is often used to ascertain the     
approximate age of a child, especially when the birth date is         
unavailable. A child was usually christened (or baptized) within a few
days of their birth.  Thanks to the efforts of the early priests,     
these parish records have often been the sole source                  
of information of a child's birth.  Thus, the field for christening   
"Chr" is included along with Birth, Death and Burial.                 
                                                                      
Sex Field: Sometimes the first field (sex) will automatically contain 
    an 'F' or 'M' if the sex is obvious to the program when adding a  
    new individual.  Otherwise enter the sex as appropriate.  Only M, 
    F and ? are allowed.  A question mark is only allowed if the      
    individual is not married. A marriage is not allowed if the       
    individual's sex is "?".                                          
                                                                      
Name Fields: Enter the surname in capitals followed by all names      
    following the surname in the field labeled 'Surname:'.  Enter all 
    names preceding the surname in the field labeled 'Given name:'.   
    This allows names to be sorted by Surname first despite it's      
    location within the full name.  The suggested naming convention is
    to enter the entire surname in CAPITAL LETTERS while the given    
    names are entered in lower case with appropriate capital letters. 
                                                                      
    If a child is being added, the surname of the father will         
    automatically appear in the surname field. If the father of the   
    key individual is being added, the key individual's surname will  
    automatically appear in the surname field.  If the surname is     
    different, simply type over or use the ctrl_end key to clear the  
    field.                                                            
                                                                      
    When entering titles such as John Smith III, put the surname with 
    the title following just as it should appear in the Surname field.
    Examples:                                                         
            John SMITH III   -    Surname field: SMITH III            
                               Given Name field: John                 
            Henry BROWN, Jr. -    Surname field: BROWN, Jr.           
                               Given Name field: Henry                
                                                                      
Date Fields: All dates should be entered as day of month, followed by 
    the first three letters of the month and finally all four numbers 
    of the year.  (Example: 12 Jun 1945) Although in the U.S.  it is  
    standard practice to write a date with numbers many other         
    countries in using the same practice flip the positions of the    
    date and month. This will always cause confusion.  Always include 
    all four numbers of the year.                                     
                                                                      
    The date field has been deliberately left free-format.  In some   
    instances you may not want to be locked into a structured format. 
    However, there are reports which require the above entry in order 
    to work properly. The birthday and anniversary lists will not     
    include individuals with dates that do not conform to the above   
    structure. Nor will the Statistics report and Temple submission   
    reports be able to calculate the proper age of individuals.       
                                                                      
Place Fields: When the place name is entered for the first time it    
    will be added to the Place name file and assigned a Place Name    
    Number. The suggested entry convention is City,County/            
    Province,State/ Country with no spaces entered after the commas in
    order to save space.                                              
                                                                      
              (Example: Preston,Franklin,Idaho)                       
                                                                      
    If the place name you desire is already in the place name file,   
    the place name can be entered four different ways.                
                                                                      
    1. The place name may be re-entered by typing it in EXACTLY as it 
       was typed in before. If the place name is not typed in         
       precisely (character for character) as it was entered          
       previously it will be treated as a new name and be assigned a  
       new record number.  [NOTE: You can use the Merge Place Name    
       function under the F7 menu to merge two place names spelled    
       differently.]                                                  
                                                                      
    2. If the record number of the place name desired is known, simply
       enter the number in the place name field.  As soon as you press
       return the proper place name will replace the number.          
                                                                      
    3. If you cannot remember the number of the place name desired you
       can press F4-Num-Place to access a pop up screen which lists   
       the place names sorted by their record numbers.  You may use   
       the cursor keys to point at the name desired and press enter to
       select.                                                        
                                                                      
    4. Another method of selecting place names when the record number 
       is unknown is with the F3-Alpha-Place command.  Before pressing
       F3 you may enter the first few letters of the name desired.    
       Thus when F3 is entered, the pop-up list of place names will   
       begin with place names coming alphabetically after the entered 
       letters. For example, if the name you want to access is        
       'Stavanger,Rogaland,Norway' first type  in any number of the   
       first few letters, such as 'Sta'.  Then press F3 and the pop-up
       screen will list all names currently in the place name file    
       beginning with the letters 'Sta'.                              
                                                                      
Temple Codes: (LDS only) Generally accepted temple codes are usually  
       entered in the fields labeled 'Temple'.  Several typical temple
       codes are listed below:                                        
                                                                      
                    AL - Cardston, Alberta, Canada                    
                    AT - Atlanta, Georgia                             
                    AZ - Mesa, Arizona                                
                    IF - Idaho Falls, Idaho                           
                    JR - Jordan River, Utah                           
                    LA - Los Angeles, California                      
                    LD - London, England                              
                    LG - Logan, Utah                                  
                    OG - Ogden, Utah                                  
                    OK - Oakland, California                          
                    PV - Provo, Utah                                  
                    SG - St. George, Utah                             
                    SL - Salt Lake City, Utah                         
                    SW - Bern, Switzerland                            
                                                                      
       This field should also be used to indicate special conditions  
       such as the following:                                         
                    BIC  Born in the Covenant.                        
                    STI  Stillborn.                                   
                    DNS  Do not seal.                                 
                    INF  Infant, do not do ordinance work.            
                                                                      
======================================================================
.G.  CHANGE KEY INDIVIDUAL                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The current Family Group can be changed by pressing the first letter  
of the choices shown at the bottom of the screen.  (All change keys   
refer to changing the Key Individual.)                                
                                                                      
1. Change to Spouse/Father/Mother: The first three items, Father,     
   Mother, and Spouse, will immediately change the key individual to  
   the father, mother or currently shown spouse of the current key    
   individual.                                                        
                                                                      
2. Change to Child: Pressing a "C" will cause a pop-up window to      
   appear, listing all of the children of the current Family Group.   
   Pointing and pressing enter/return for the desired child will cause
   the current individual to be changed to the selected child.  If you
   point to a child before pressing "C", that child will become the   
   key individual automatically without causing the pop-up window to  
   appear.                                                            
                                                                      
3. Change to Other Marriage: Pressing an "O" will cause a pop-up      
   window to appear, showing all spouses for the current key          
   individual. Use the pointer to select the spouse you wish to show  
   as the spouse of the key individual, then press enter. This screen 
   is also used for adding other marriages. To add another spouse,    
   simply point to the -Add Marriage- item and press enter/return.  An
   edit screen will appear requesting the name of the spouse, followed
   by a marriage screen.                                              
                                                                      
   Deleting a marriage will remove the marriage, but not the          
   individuals. This option could result in individuals not tied to   
   the main family structure.                                         
                                                                      
4. Change by entering RIN: By pressing an "R" any RIN (Record         
   Identification Number) in the entire database may be requested as  
   the key individual.  You will not be allowed to request a deleted  
   RIN.                                                               
                                                                      
5. Name Search: Pressing an "N" will bring up a pop-up window allowing
   you to select an individual by name. As you will see the names are 
   listed in surname alphabetical order.  You can page down or page up
   while in the name search.  However, there is a very easy way to    
   select the individual you wish without paging down forever.  At the
   top of the NameSearch screen, you will see the following "[Surname,
   Given]".  Simply begin to enter the surname. You will see it appear
   in the block at the top and the screen scrolling immediately as you
   enter the name.  Once the surname is entered, enter a comma and a  
   space before entering the given name. You can enter as many or as  
   few characters as you wish. You can page down or up from wherever  
   you are.  Simply point at the individual you want and press the    
   enter key to select.  You must enter the names in the CASE you     
   entered them (upper or lower case).                                
                                                                      
   You will also notice that to help you select the appropriate       
   individual, there is some more information to the right of the     
   name: the birth year, Sex, number of marriages "No MR", and whether
   that individual has parents "Pr".  Thus, if you have different     
   individuals with the same name (as occurs often in extended        
   families) you will be able to identify the right person.           
                                                                      
6. Tree: Pressing a "T" will bring up a pedigree diagram with the key 
   individual at the far left. Using the arrow keys allows you to move
   up and down the tree. Pressing the up or down arrow key at the far 
   right will cause the tree to shift one generation.  Pressing the   
   left arrow key to the far left will cause the Child selection      
   screen to appear. After selecting a child, the tree will shift down
   one generation. Pressing return on any individual will request them
   as the key individual.                                             
                                                                      
======================================================================
.H.  FUNCTION KEY MENUS                                               
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      
.1.  MENU OVERVIEW                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The six function keys, F2 through F7, are pull down menus. The        
function keys are readily understood by computer novices. For those   
who are more familiar with using the Alt-key, you may also access the 
menus by pressing the Alt-key together with the first letter of the   
appropriate menu. For example: Alt-F will bring up the F2-File menu,  
Alt-E will bring up the F3-Edit menu, Alt-R will bring up the F4-     
Rearrange menu, etc.  Once any one menu is up, menus may be rotated to
the previous or next menu by using the right and left arrow keys.     
                                                                      
Notice that some menu items have short-cut keys shown to the right of 
the menu item, usually control keys. These items can be accessed with 
the appropriate key without accessing the menu.                       
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.2.  F2-FILE                                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.a. User Information                                                  
   The User Information Editor is the access to the name and address  
   of the submitter of reports in the file. The name entered will be  
   printed on many of the reports generated. There is also a field for
   a Title which will be used on several of the reports.  The User    
   name and Reports Title are also displayed on the main screen.      
                                                                      
.b. Drive & Directory                                                 
   You may set the drive and sub-directory for the Cumberland Family  
   Tree data files. Leaving this field blank will cause the program to
   read the data files from the default (current) sub-directory.  When
   specifying another sub-directory, you must put a "\" after the     
   drive and sub-directory name. (See your DOS manual for tree        
   structured sub-directory naming conventions.) Below are valid      
   examples:                                                          
               B:\                                                    
               C:\TREE\BROWN\                                         
               \TREE\SMITH\                                           
                                                                      
   If no Cumberland Family Tree data files exist on the specified     
   drive or sub-directory, files will automatically be created.       
                                                                      
   You can create multiple data files and use this option to switch   
   between them. For example: two directories for two families could  
   be created: C:\TREE\BROWN\ and C:\TREE\SMITH\ .  You may want to   
   create your own sub-directories and leave the sample data which    
   came with this program in the default sub-directory to use for     
   experimentation and study.                                         
                                                                      
   When starting up the program, data will be read from the sub-      
   directory last accessed at the previous session. If a specified    
   sub-directory cannot be found upon startup, the default sub-       
   directory will be used. Since the program immediately opens the    
   Cumberland Family Tree files, the 10 (See list in README file) data
   files must be available (either in the default sub-directory or    
   specified sub-directory) or the program will not start.            
                                                                      
.c. Empty Data Files                                                  
   This option will delete all data entered into the database of the  
   currently active sub-directory as explained in the previous option.
   Use this option with caution!                                      
                                                                      
.d. Program Configuration                                             
                                                                      
.i. General Information                                               
                                                                      
    In this option you will configure a group of 4 options which only 
    need be set once, no matter how many databases you set up, in     
    addition to setting the User-defined flags.  To set any option,   
    simply point to it and press the enter key.  Each option will be  
    described below, temporarily skipping the "Printer" option, as it 
    is will take the longest time to explain. The Flags will be       
    described last.                                                   
                                                                      
    You set the printer port and the printer country code simply      
    selecting from the options presented. If you do not know what your
    printer port is, it is probably LPT1.                             
                                                                      
    In order for the printer country codes to work properly, the      
    appropriate country code for your printer must be set in the      
    printer definition as explained below. Almost all of the pre-     
    configured printers sent with the program already have properly   
    set country codes.                                                
                                                                      
    The pedigree line code is the character which is used to draw     
    horizontal lines on the printed pedigree charts. A dash - "45"    
    will work for all printers.  If you are using a laser printer a   
    dash will show up as a dashed line with gaps between each dash. If
    you would like a solid line try entering  "196"  without the      
    quotes (HP Laserjet).  If this does not work for your printer you 
    will need to find the ASCII code for a horizontal line used with  
    your printer.                                                     
                                                                      
.ii. Printer Definition                                               
                                                                      
    You may simply select one of the pre-programmed printers from the 
    selection list included with the program. If your printer is not  
    in the included list, you might try using an Epson printer if you 
    have a dot matrix printer or an HP Laserjet if you have a laser   
    printer, as these two are the industry standards and many other   
    printer manufacturers will make their printer codes compatible    
    with these two printers.                                          
                                                                      
    If you find that you must add a printer of your own, simply press 
    the insert key.  You will see a new printer added with the same   
    name as the printer you were pointing at - with a small "z" after 
    the name.  Point at this new printer and press F3. Under this new 
    screen you can change the name of the printer and add all of the  
    appropriate setup strings. You might wish to view some of the     
    included printer setup strings to get an idea of how to enter the 
    codes. You must enter ASCII codes in arrow brackets, such as <15>.
    You may enter several ASCII codes in one set of arrow brackets if 
    there are commas between them, such as <27,23>. You may also enter
    combinations of ASCII codes and printable characters, such as     
    <27>@.  When you are finished press escape to get back to the     
    printer selection screen. If you changed the name of the printer, 
    it may be in a different location now as the program will         
    automatically put it in it's alphabetical order.                  
                                                                      
.e. Exit to DOS                                                       
    This option will ask for verification before returning to DOS.    
    (It has a short-cut key, Ctrl-X.)                                 
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.3.  F3-EDIT                                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.a.  Edit Marriage                                                    
   You must use the cursor key to point at the individual whose       
   marriage information you wish to edit. Selecting this option will  
   cause the marriage edit window to appear.  (This option also has a 
   short-cut key, Ctrl-M.) All fields are similar to those explained  
   under the Individual Editor.  When accessing the marriage screen,  
   if an individual's spouse has not already been defined, the 'Edit  
   Individual' screen will appear requesting you to add that person's 
   spouse prior to editing marriage information.  If a person's sex is
   "?" then you will not be allowed to create a marriage record for   
   them.                                                              
                                                                      
   If there is a single parent or you do not know the spouse, simply  
   add a spouse (as a New RIN), do not enter any information and exit 
   the edit individual screen. The individual's name will show up as a
   question mark "?". This will allow a child or children to be added.
                                                                      
.b. Edit Notes                                                        
   Use the cursor keys to point to the individual you wish to edit    
   notes for and access this option. (This option also has a short-cut
   key, Ctrl-N.) A maximum of 10 lines are allowed for each           
   individual.  When the notes are printed at the bottom of Family    
   Group Sheets, a maximum of 10 notes will be printed - not 10 notes 
   per individual, but 10 notes total from all individuals on the     
   Family Group Sheet.  After the first 10, other notes will be       
   ignored.                                                           
                                                                      
.c. Linkage Editor                                                    
   There are several purposes for the Linkage Editor.  With the       
   Linkage Editor you can create a marriage record to link two        
   individuals together in marriage when both of them are already in  
   the database.  In the Linkage Editor you can remove a husband, wife
   or child from a marriage without deleting him/her from the         
   database.  In the Linkage Editor you can add a person - who already
   exists in the database - as a husband, wife or child to an existing
   marriage.                                                          
                                                                      
   To truly understand how the Linkage Editor works, you must clearly 
   understand that while in the Linkage Editor you cannot add or      
   delete any individual from the database.  The Linkage Editor only  
   allows you to connect or remove individuals from a marriage record.
   It is only through a marriage record that relationships exist.     
   There are really only two types of relationships: 1) a spousal     
   relationship where a person is a husband or wife in a marriage and 
   2) a child relationship where a person is a child of a particular  
   marriage. As long as you clearly understand these relationships you
   should be able to manipulate the links which tie individuals       
   together.  These links are all tied together through the marriage  
   record.                                                            
                                                                      
   Upon first entering the Linkage Editor you will be asked for the   
   MRIN which you wish to work upon. If you enter a zero (0) a new    
   marriage record will be created.  (As a footnote, you will notice  
   that if you ever delete or remove all individuals from a given     
   marriage record, that MRIN does not automatically get reused. It   
   will be skipped on some reports, like the marriage lists. But if   
   you wish, you can reuse that marriage record by calling it up in   
   the Linkage Editor and linking individuals to it.)                 
                                                                      
   If you do not remember the MRIN you wish to work with you may press
   F3 to do a NameSearch to select the marriage. If the person        
   selected has more than one marriage you will be presented a screen 
   requesting you to designate which marriage.                        
                                                                      
   After selecting the marriage you wish to work on, the screen will  
   display the husband, wife and children of that marriage. (Use the  
   page-down key to see children #11 through 20.)                     
                                                                      
   To "link" an individual to this marriage record, simply point to   
   the appropriate "Add"  item and press the return key. You will be  
   prompted to enter an RIN.  From this screen you may also press F3  
   to do a NameSearch. See details on using the NameSearch feature as 
   explained earlier in this manual. After selecting an individual,   
   their name will appear on the Linkage Editor Screen. That person   
   has now been attached to the marriage record.                      
                                                                      
   To "remove" an individual from the marriage record, simply point to
   the appropriate individual and press the delete key.  Remember,    
   this does not delete the individual from the database. It merely   
   removes his/her "link" or connection to the marriage record.       
                                                                      
   When you are done working with a marriage record, you may select   
   another marriage record by pressing F3 or press "Esc" to exit the  
   Linkage Editor.                                                    
                                                                      
.d. Add Individual [No Links]                                         
   There are times when you may wish to add an individual (or group of
   individuals) to your database who is not related to anyone else in 
   your database, or rather, you cannot find the relationship but     
   believe that at a later date you will find it. You can add these   
   individuals with this option.                                      
                                                                      
   Press the F3 key and select the "Add Individual (no links)" option.
   You will immediately be presented with the Edit Individual Screen. 
   After you are finished adding a no-link person and have pressed the
   escape key, that person will become the key individual.  You can   
   then add a spouse, parents or children if desired.  Since this     
   individual is not related to any other in the database, the only   
   way you can get back to the other "branch" is to use the NameSearch
   or RIN options at the bottom of the main screen.                   
                                                                      
.e. Insert Child                                                      
   First point to the child who was born immediately after the child  
   you wish to insert. (This option also has a short-cut key, the     
   Insert [Ins] key.) This command works exactly like pressing return 
   on the "--Add Child--" field except that it will insert the new    
   individual as a child in the proper order.                         
                                                                      
.f. Delete Individual                                                 
   This option deletes the individual which the pointer is pointing   
   to. (This option also has a short-cut key, the delete [Del] key.)  
   Before deletion, however, a prompt will request verification.  This
   command will not work if you are pointing at the top individual in 
   a Family Group.  To delete that individual, change the family group
   to show him/her as a spouse, parent or child. You cannot delete the
   individual with RIN #1.                                            
                                                                      
.g. Delete Individual [RIN]                                           
   This option allows deletion of an individual by entering the RIN.  
   Before deletion a prompt will request verification. This command is
   useful for times when deletions of other individuals cut some      
   individuals off from the main family tree and those individuals    
   also need to be deleted.                                           
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.4.  F4-REARRANGE                                                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.a.  Children Order                                                   
   This option allows the children to be sorted by their proper order,
   although they were not entered in the order in which the births    
   occurred.  It works very similar to the Multiple Marriages Order   
   window.  You simply enter the number of that child to the left of  
   the child's name (1 for the first child, 2 for the second, and so  
   on).  Press F9 to re-order the children or Esc to Abort.           
                                                                      
.b. Multiple Marriages                                                
   This option allows multiple marriages to be sorted by their proper 
   order, although they were not entered in the order in which the    
   marriages took place. It is important to enter the spouses in the  
   order of their marriages to the key individual. A pop-up window    
   listing all marriages will appear.  Simply enter the number of     
   occurrence of each marriage (1 for first marriage, 2 for the       
   second, and so on) in the numeric fields on the left.  Press F9 to 
   re-order the marriages or Esc to Abort.                            
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.5.  F5-PRINT1                                                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.a.  Creating, Viewing and Printing Reports                           
   All reports are formatted to print on 8 1/2 by 11 inch pages.      
   Almost all printers are supported. (See Chapter F. F5-Print1/      
   Printer Setup.)                                                    
                                                                      
   To create a report, first select the report from the F5-Print1 or  
   F6-Print2 menu.  Whenever a report is created a file is created on 
   the hard drive containing the report ready to be sent to the       
   printer. The F7 key will allow the created report to be viewed on  
   screen. The F8 key allows the report to be sent to the printer. The
   report may also be printed from the view screen.                   
                                                                      
   Almost all reports under F5-Print1 and F6-Print2 can be aborted    
   early by pressing "S" as shown while the report is being printed.  
   Be patient, the report will stop printing at a convenient line,    
   eject a page and return control of the computer back to you.  If   
   you shut off the printer you will get a red error screen. If you   
   select Abort at this point the program will quit and you will be   
   dropped down to DOS. The graceful way to stop printing is to press 
   "S" and wait for the printer to stop itself.                       
                                                                      
.b. Pedigree Charts:                                                  
   You may print up to 10 separate pedigree charts in one printing or 
   a complete ancestry series of pedigree charts up to 100 charts.    
   Enter the "RIN", "Chart number", "Same as number" and "On chart    
   number" as requested for each chart desired.  You may select the   
   RIN by pressing F5-Name Search. Press F3 to create.  All charts    
   will be printed until the first RIN with a zero (0) is reached, at 
   which point the printing will stop.                                
                                                                      
   To automatically print a full ancestry series, enter information   
   for only one RIN . Then press F4 for automatic printing.  All      
   charts will be numbered beginning with the Chart number specified  
   and continuing in order from there.  The individuals numbered 8    
   through 15 on each pedigree chart will contain the proper          
   continuation chart number.  The upper right hand corner of each    
   sheet will also show that No. 1 on the current sheet is the same   
   individual as the appropriate numbered individual on the proper    
   chart number.                                                      
                                                                      
.c. Ahnentafel Charts                                                 
   These charts are similar to a pedigree chart but lists ancestors   
   one after another. The Ahnentafel Number corresponds to the person 
   numbers on a pedigree chart but extends with more generations. Up  
   to 20 generations may be printed on the Ahnentafel chart.  Enter   
   the RIN (or select from Namesearch) the individual to be shown as  
   number 1.                                                          
                                                                      
.d. Descendent Charts                                                 
   This chart will list all of the descendants of a specified         
   individual up to 14 generations.                                   
                                                                      
.e. Family Group Sheets.                                              
   Up to 30 Family Group Sheets may be printed at one time by entering
   the MRIN's of the sheets desired. If you do not know the MRIN,     
   press F5 to do Name Search. Press F3 to create.  Printing will stop
   when the first zero (0) MRIN is reached.  Notice that history notes
   appear at the bottom of the same page (rather than a second page)  
   that the individual appears in a Family Group Sheet.  Multiple     
   marriages are also indicated. If there is not enough room in the   
   'Other Wives' or 'Other Husbands' fields, then other marriages will
   be shown in the notes at the bottom of the page.  A maximum of 15  
   notes can be printed at the bottom of each page. After printing the
   first 15 notes, all other notes will be ignored.  (Maximum 10 notes
   for LDS Family Group Sheets.)                                      
                                                                      
.f. Time Line                                                         
   This option displays a graphical diagram showing the Birth,        
   Marriage and Death dates along a time line of selected individuals.
   Use the Insert-Key to select individuals with the Namesearch       
   screen.  This will insert the selected individual after the one the
   cursor is pointing to. Use the Delete-key to remove an individual  
   from the chart. The left and right arrow keys will move the time   
   line from left to right.  A maximum of 50 individuals can be       
   included in the time line.                                         
                                                                      
   When exiting this option, the names entered will be saved in the   
   file TIMELINE.DAT. If you have changed the birth, marriage or death
   dates of an individual it will not automatically change in the     
   TIMELINE file. You must delete and then re-select that individual. 
                                                                      
   The time line can be printed with the F3-Print option.             
                                                                      
.g. Statistics                                                        
   This option produces a one page report with a multitude of         
   statistics about your data including; number of individuals,       
   marriages, average life span, life span distribution, number of    
   history notes, place names, average number of children per marriage
   and more.  Life spans are calculated for individuals with standard 
   dates as explained under the section on dates in Chapter D.        
   Individual Editor.                                                 
                                                                      
.h. Missing Information                                               
   This option produces a list of individuals indicating whether the  
   following information is missing from the database; birth date and 
   place, marriage date and place, death date and place.              
                                                                      
.i. Individual Form                                                   
   This option produces a one-page form showing all the information   
   about that individual. You can print up to 30 individuals at a     
   time. Enter their RIN or use NameSearch by pressing F5. Press F3 to
   create the report.                                                 
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.6.  F6-PRINT2                                                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.a.  Alpha Individual List                                            
   This option produces an alphabetical (by Surname) sorted list of   
   all individuals in the database.                                   
                                                                      
.b. RIN Sorted List                                                   
   This report produces a RIN Sorted list of all individuals in the   
   database.                                                          
                                                                      
.c. Birthday List                                                     
   This option produces a list of individuals sorted Name or by Month 
   and day of their birthday. It also shows their age on the current  
   years birthday. You have the option of including or excluding      
   deceased individuals.  Birthdays of individuals without standard   
   dates (as explained under dates in Chapter D.  Individual Editor)  
   will not be shown.                                                 
                                                                      
.d. Marriage List                                                     
   This report produces a list of all marriages (by MRIN) in the      
   database.                                                          
                                                                      
.e. Anniversary List                                                  
   This option produces a list of marriages sorted by Month and day of
   their marriage. It also shows how many years they would have been  
   married on the current years anniversary. You have the option of   
   including or excluding deceased individuals.  Dates must conform to
   the standards explained in Chapter D. Individual Editor in order to
   be shown on this list.                                             
                                                                      
.f. Notes List                                                        
   This report produces a list of all notes which have been entered   
   into the database.                                                 
                                                                      
.g. LDS Ordinance Check List                                          
   This option produces an ordinance check list beginning with a      
   specified individual and listing names of ancestors in the order of
   an ahnentafel chart.  It lists ordinance dates for Baptism,        
   Endowment, Sealing to spouse, sealing to parents and indicates the 
   number of children sealed to them.                                 
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
.7.  F7-UTILITIES                                                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      
.a. Edit Place Name                                                   
   This option allows you to edit an incorrectly spelled place name.  
   Changing the place name once with this option changes it for all   
   occurrences of the place name throughout the entire database.  When
   the window with the list of place names is showing you can press   
   any letter of the alphabet and the list will immediately jump to   
   the first place name starting with that letter.                    
                                                                      
.b. Delete Place Name                                                 
   This option allows you to delete a bad place name. It may be that a
   place name or part of a place name was accidentally entered in one 
   of the edit screens. To delete a place name may take a while since 
   the program must not only delete it from the place name file, but  
   also delete all reference to that place name in the Individual and 
   Marriage files.  When the window with the list of place names is   
   showing you can press any letter of the alphabet and the list will 
   immediately jump to the first place name starting with that letter.
                                                                      
.c. Merge Place Names                                                 
   This option allows you to merge two place names. If a place name   
   has been entered twice with two different spellings they can be    
   merged into one place name. The Primary Place Name is the one which
   will remain after the merging. All occurrences of the Secondary    
   Place Name in the database will be changed to the Primary Place    
   Name.  When the window with the list of place names is showing you 
   can press any letter of the alphabet and the list will immediately 
   jump to the first place name starting with that letter.            
                                                                      
.d. The GEDCOM Import/Export Utility                                  
   (Available to registered users only.)                              
   The GEDCOM (GEnealogical Data COMmunications) format is a          
   genealogical data file standard which allows data to be shared with
   most other popular genealogy programs.  The Cumberland Family Tree 
   program can receive data from any other genealogy program which can
   export to a GEDCOM file.  Any other program which will import a    
   GEDCOM file can load information from Cumberland Family Tree.      
                                                                      
   To export a file to GEDCOM, select the GEDCOM export file menu item
   and enter the proper file name. The extension .GED will be added to
   the file name if it is not already included. A .GED extension is   
   required. Press F9 to create the GEDCOM file.  Every individual and
   family record in the Cumberland Family Tree database will be       
   exported to the GEDCOM file.                                       
                                                                      
   To import a GEDCOM file, select the GEDCOM import menu item and    
   enter the proper file name. A .GED extension is required. Press F9 
   to load the GEDCOM file.  It would be best to make certain that the
   Cumberland Family Tree data files are emptied (See F2-File/ Empty  
   Data Files) prior to loading the GEDCOM file.  If the Cumberland   
   Family Tree files are not emptied then the GEDCOM information will 
   be APPENDED to the current Cumberland Family Tree Data. However,   
   there will be no family links between the two sets of data. To     
   create the links select "E" (Existing RIN) when                    
   adding a child or parent to a family structure. (See the chapter on
   the Individual Editor)                                             
                                                                      
   The GEDCOM Utility with this program has NOT been approved by the  
   LDS Church for Ancestral or Temple Ready. If you desire to submit  
   data to the LDS Church for either of these two purposes please     
   contact Cumberland Family Software for more information.           
                                                                      
======================================================================
.I.  CSORT UTILITY                                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The program CSORT.EXE is used to fix corruption of any of the         
following data files: INDIVID.DAT,  MARRIAGE.DAT,  PLACE.DAT .        
                                                                      
On occasion, you may find that reports or name searches do not work   
properly. For example they may not display names in their proper      
order, or the program may drop to DOS on certain functions which      
access a data file.  Try using the CSORT utility to fix the key file  
corruptions. To use CSORT you must be at the DOS prompt. The program  
CSORT.EXE and the data files must be in the same sub-directory. Enter 
CSORT followed by the name of the file to fix:                        
                                                                      
          CSORT INDIVID                                               
          CSORT MARRIAGE                                              
          CSORT PLACE                                                 
          CSORT ADDRESS                                               
                                                                      
======================================================================
.J.  RESEARCH SUGGESTIONS                                             
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Following are some standard conventions which should be used when     
working with Family Trees.                                            
                                                                      
.1. INDIVIDUAL NAMING CONVENTIONS                                     
                                                                      
Persons Name: A persons name should always be shown in it's proper    
   order with surnames in CAPITAL LETTERS. DO NOT show last name      
   first, comma, given names (BROWN, Edward Joseph).  Below are       
   examples of appropriate names:                                     
                                                                      
          Standard English/American: Ira Johan LUND                   
   Scandinavian name with appended                                    
             ancestry locality name: Johan Severin SVENDSEN Rage      
   Oriental (Surnames always first): ZHENG Chooi Fong                 
                                                                      
.2. PLACE NAMING CONVENTIONS                                          
                                                                      
Place names: Place names usually consist of three (occasionally two or
   four) names: City, County/Province, State/Country. To save space I 
   do not enter "spaces" after the commas. Below are several examples 
   of place names:                                                    
                                                                      
        Clarksville,Montgomery,Tennessee                              
        Stavanger,Rogaland,Norway                                     
        Logan,Cache,Utah                                              
        Mosbjerg,Hjorring,Denmark                                     
                                                                      
.3. DATE CONVENTIONS                                                  
                                                                      
Dates: Never write a month with a number (02/11/91). Such a date could
   be interpreted several ways. International usage of month and day  
   order is different from standard U.S. usage. A date such as above  
   could be Feb 11th or Nov 2nd. The year is also ambiguous. Is it    
   1991 or 1891? Standard nomenclature should always be DD MMM YYYY   
   (Example: 11 Feb 1891).                                            
                                                                      
   You should not attempt to convert a date to the Gregorian Calendar.
   Write it as given in the original documents.  I have devised my own
   method of writing Chinese dates (which have been given verbally).  
   The Chinese calendar consists of 12 months 30 days long. Every few 
   years a 13th month is inserted to help keep the year close to the  
   correct astronomical year.  The name of the months, when translated
   literally are First Month, Second Month and so on. The extra 13th  
   month can be inserted between any other month of the year, but is  
   not called the Thirteenth month, but rather, the Extra Month After 
   the Xth Month.  So I write these months as M01, M02, and so on.    
   The extra 13th month I write as X03 or X05, as appropriate. Thus an
   entire date: 12 M06 1912.                                          
                                                                      
======================================================================
.APPENDIX A: TROUBLESHOOTING                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      
"It doesn't work" may sum up your feelings about a problem, but these 
words are useless if you need help from a consultant or programmer.   
You can minimize frustration and save time by learning to provide     
specific details that will lead to a solution.                        
                                                                      
Remember that nearly 80 percent of computer problems are caused by    
user errors. Before running any software, read the instructions.  You 
don't have to read every word just to get started. You can find the   
sections of the manual that tell you how to begin, and those that     
apply to the task you are trying to perform.  With large manuals,     
there is usually a table of contents and an index. Skim these to      
familiarize yourself with the topics that are discussed. Then you'll  
know where to look when you have a question.  With shorter manuals,   
go ahead and read the whole thing. It's embarrassing to mail a long   
letter or make a long distance phone call, only to find that every-   
thing you needed to know was on page 2.                               
                                                                      
Before assuming a program "doesn't work", check a few simple items.   
Is the computer plugged in and turned on? Are all necessary devices   
(such as the monitor and printer) connected properly and turned on?   
Did you spell the command correctly when you typed it? Are you logged 
onto the right disk drive and directory? Is it possible that the      
program has system requirements that you don't meet, such as a hard   
disk, or a certain amount of memory? If memory seems to be the        
problem, do you have "memory resident" programs (also called TSRs or  
"pop-up" utilities) which can be removed from memory? Try running the 
program on a different computer.                                      
                                                                      
If the program worked in the past, but doesn't now, can you think of  
anything that has changed since the last time you used it? Have you   
moved the computer or made changes in any of the connecting cables? Is
it possible there has been damage of some kind, or that files have    
been erased? Have you added any new memory-resident programs or device
drivers which might cause a conflict?                                 
                                                                      
If you see an error message on screen, copy it completely and exactly.
Don't try to remember it! If possible, make a print-screen of the     
message.  On most computers, you can do this by holding down the SHIFT
key while you press the PRINT SCREEN key (sometimes abbreviated to PRT
SC). The purpose of the error message is to convey specific           
information to the programmer so that the problem can be solved. Your 
consultant will need the exact wording of the message in order to     
interpret it correctly.                                               
                                                                      
Many error messages include an explanation that can help you solve the
problem yourself. Some error messages are explained for you in the    
program manual.  When reporting a problem, be very specific.  What    
were you trying to do?  How did you do it? What did you expect to     
happen? What actually happened?  Exactly what did you do just before  
the problem occurred? What did you do afterwards? What did you see on 
the screen? Have you had different or similar results in the past? Can
you reproduce the problem and describe the circumstances under which  
it occurs? Is there a consistent pattern of some sort?                
                                                                      
I support my users, and am happy to answer your questions and help    
solve any difficulties you may have.  Please understand that there is 
a limit to the amount of help I can give you with software which I did
not write. If you are having continuing difficulty with DOS commands, 
you probably need to study your DOS manual or contact MicroSoft for   
help. If you are baffled by your menu system, your best bet is to talk
to the person who installed it, or to the author of the menu software.
                                                                      
======================================================================
.APPENDIX B: ERROR MESSAGES                                           
----------------------------------------------------------------------
* "Abnormal Program Termination"                                      
   If you receive this error message when trying to start the program 
   it means that you do not have enough free memory. Check your memory
   and try to remove drivers and TSR programs that may be using too   
   much memory. For Versions of DOS 4.0 and below use the CHKDSK      
   command to check your memory. For DOS 5.0 and above use the MEM    
   command. Check your DOS manual on how to use these commands.       
                                                                      
* "Cannot Execute ...\CTREE.EXE"                                      
   If you receive this error message when trying to start the program 
   it means that you do not have enough free memory.  See error       
   "Abnormal Program Termination".                                    
                                                                      
* "Error on LPT1" or other printer port                               
   If you receive this message when trying to print a report it means 
   that your printer is turned off or it is off line. Correct the     
   problem and press "R" to retry. If you press "A" to abort, the     
   program will stop and you will be dropped back to the DOS prompt.  
   Pressing "F" (Fail) or "I" (Ignore) has no effect.                 
                                                                      
* "Insufficient Memory"                                               
   If you ever receive this error message at any time during program  
   execution then you do not have enough free memory.  See error      
   "Abnormal Program Termination".                                    
                                                                      
* "Invalid Data File" or "Invalid Key File"                           
   If you ever receive one of these messages at any time during       
   program execution then your data files have become corrupt. There  
   are only two solutions to this problem. 1) Restore a recent backup 
   of your data files. If you do this you will have lost all of the   
   work you have done since the backup was made. 2) You can backup all
   data files onto a diskette and mail to me with a $10 fee and I will
   restore your data as best as I can. I cannot guarantee that I will 
   be able to recover all of your data. However, in the past I have   
   been able to recover all but 5-20 individuals.                     
                                                                      
   To avoid receiving these errors in the future, be very careful to  
   exit the program after each use.  Invariably the cause of corrupt  
   data is from turning off the computer or re-booting while the      
   program is running.                                                
                                                                      
* "Subscript out of Range"                                            
   I hope that you never see this error. If you do or if you see any  
   other error not specifically defined in this appendix then please  
   call me with specific information as to what you were doing to     
   obtain this error. In all likelihood the cause of this error is a  
   bug in the program.                                                
                                                                      
* "Too Many Open Files"                                               
   If you ever get this message it simply means that you need to      
   increase the number of files in the CONFIG.SYS file of your root   
   directory. Edit CONFIG.SYS and add the lines FILES=40 and          
   BUFFERS=20 as indicated in the installation section. Remember that 
   you must re-boot the computer for these changes to take effect.    
                                                                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------
