           This is the instruction manual for HyperRead and
        HyperRead Generator. It is also a demonstration HyperRead
        file. You can flip through this document one page at a time
        using the <PgUp> and <PgDn> keys. You can move one line at
        a time by holding down the Ctrl key as you press <PgUp> or
        <PgDn>. You can also move through the document by pressing
        the up or down cursor key. If the screen cursor gets to the
        top or bottom of the screen and you continue pressing the
        cursor key, the text will scroll. You can move to the top
        of the document by pressing the <Home> key on your
        keyboard, or go to the end of the document by pressing the
        <End> key.
           You also can jump around in the document using the link
        words or phrases. Link phrases look like this. To jump to a
        section of text containing more information on a link
        phrase, use the cursor keys to move the screen cursor to
        the link phrase, then press the <J> key on the keyboard.
        You may do this repeatedly, going from one link word to
        another. You can backtrack along this path by pressing the
        <B> key on the keyboard. There is more information on this
        "jumping" later in this document.
           You can also control HyperRead Generator using a mouse
        if you have one installed. This will be explained later (or
        you can jump to this subject now by jumping from the word
        "mouse" and then backtracking to this page when you are
        done).
           You may now read the manual. Enjoy, and feel free to
        experiment with the link phrases.

           Every few years, a new concept comes along that offers a
        whole new use for personal computers. Typical examples have
        been word processing, telecommunications and BBS's,
        spreadsheets, and desktop publishing. The latest new idea
        is hypertext.
           What is hypertext? It is an indexing system that allows
        people to use their computers to read computer text files
        quickly and easily. It does this by allowing them to jump
        from one part of the file to another, following whatever
        train of thought they want.
           In an ordinary printed document, the reader must read
        the document linearly. That is, the person must read from
        the beginning to the end, one page at a time. Sometimes the
        person can jump around a little by using the index or the
        table of contents, but this is very limited. The index can
        only list a few key words, and the pages listed for those
        words are usually simply where the word is defined or first
        mentioned. The table of contents points only to broad areas
        of the document where a general subject is discussed. In
        any case, flipping through the pages is time-consuming and
        tedious.
           With hypertext, the author of a document can create
        "tunnels" or links within a document that allow the reader
        to jump from one area of the document to another. The
        reader uses a computer to read the text on the screen. When
        he or she finds an important word or phrase in the text
        that needs clarifying, the computer can jump to the part of
        the text that explains the term or gives more information.
        For example, suppose you are reading a story about the
        history of the electric light bulb. The story mentions that
        it was invented by Thomas Edison. If you get curious about
        Edison, you can jump directly from that part of the text to
        the part that tells you more about Edison. That part of the
        text might mention some of Edison's other inventions. If
        you see one that looks interesting, you can jump directly
        to the part of the text that describes this invention. This
        can vastly increase the speed at which you can find
        information.
           HyperRead Generator and HyperRead are programs that
        allow you to create and distribute hypertext documents.
        HyperRead Generator allows you to convert an ordinary ASCII
        text file into a hypertext document, which you may then use
        or distribute. This program is shareware. It can be
        downloaded from various Bulletin Board Systems or ordered
        directly from Leithauser Research or a qualified
        distributor. HyperRead is the program that allows you to
        read the hypertext documents. This program is freeware, and
        you may distribute it freely with any HyperRead files you
        create. Both programs can be used with or without a mouse.
           Before explaining how to use HyperRead Generator, an
        explanation of how to operate HyperRead will be helpful.
        This is partly because the person who reads the document
        will be using HyperRead, so a thorough understanding of
        HyperRead is important to anyone who plans to use
        HyperRead Generator to create HyperRead files. It is also
        helpful to understand HyperRead because HyperRead
        Generator operates almost identically to HyperRead,
        except that it has some extra functions and is missing a
        few minor ones from HyperRead.

        Using HyperRead

           To read a HyperRead file, you need only run HyperRead
        and load the desired HyperRead document. There are two ways
        you can do this. You can simply type the program name (HR4)
        at the DOS prompt. If there are more than one HyperRead
        files in the current default directory, the computer will
        then display a list of HyperRead files and ask you which
        file to load (Otherwise it simply loads the one file). Type
        the name of the file and press the ENTER key. Note: All
        HyperRead documents actually consist of two files. There is
        a text document file that can have any name and extension.
        There is also a control file that has the extension HRF. It
        is not necessary to type this extension to load the file.
        For example, to load the file GENERATE.HRF, just enter the
        name GENERATE.
           Another way to run HyperRead and load a file is to type
        the program name (HR4) followed by the name of the file to
        load at the DOS prompt. For example, this file is called
        GENERATE.HRF. You can run the program and load this file at
        the same time by typing HR4 GENERATE at the DOS prompt (it
        is not necessary to include the extension). This feature
        makes it easy to create a batch file that automatically
        runs the HyperRead program and loads a HyperRead file.
           When the program has loaded the file, it will display
        the first page of the file. At the bottom of the screen,
        you will see a list of options. These options are PgUp,
        Home, Help, Load, Quit, Jump, Backtrack, Search, Print,
        End, and PgDn. For the PgUp, PgDn, Home, and End options,
        press these keys on the keyboard. For the other options,
        press the first letter of the option. These options are
        explained below.

        PgDn

           Pressing the <PgDn> key moves the page of text on the
        screen to the next page. That is, it scrolls down 23 lines.
        If you hold down the <Ctrl> key while pressing the <PgDn>
        key, however, the screen will scroll only one line.

        PgUp

           Pressing the <PgUp> key scrolls the text up 23 lines. If
        you hold down the <Ctrl> key while pressing this key,
        however, the text will scroll only one line.

        Home

           Pressing the <Home> key moves you directly to the first
        page of the document. If you are in the middle of a long
        document, this can be a faster way to get to the beginning
        than repeatedly pressing <PgUp>.

        End

           Pressing the <End> key moves you to the last page of the
        document. If you want to get to a page near the end, you
        can press <End> and then <PgUp> a few times. This is
        sometimes faster than pressing <PgDn> repeatedly.

        Cursor Keys

           You can move the screen cursor with the cursor keys and
        also scroll through the document by moving beyond the top
        or bottom of the screen.

        Help

           This option displays a Help screen. This screen gives a
        short summary of the other options and how to use them.
        After viewing this help screen, you can press the space bar
        to return to the HyperRead document.

        Load

           This loads a document file into memory. The computer
        will display a list of HyperRead documents in the current
        directory. Type the name of the file and press ENTER. It is
        not necessary to include the extension. This option allows
        you to read several documents without returning to DOS to
        reload HyperRead and load a new document.

        Quit

           This option ends the programs and returns you to DOS.

        Jump

           This is the function that allows you to move directly to
        another area of the document that is pointed to by a link
        word or phrase. If you have a color screen, the default color
        for link words is blue on a black background. If you have a
        monochrome screen, default color for link words is black on
        a white background. You can change these at program startup.
           To select a link word, use the keyboard cursor keys to
        move the flashing screen cursor until it is somewhere on
        the link word. Then press the <J> key. The computer will
        then display the page of text pointed to by the link word.
        Once you have moved to this page, you can move normally
        through the document using the <PgUp> and <PgDn> keys. You
        also can jump to other areas of the document from there
        using other link words. For example, suppose you jumped to
        a page using the link word "Thomas Edison" and that page
        contained the link word "light bulb." You could then jump
        directly to the page pointed to by "light bulb."
           If the link word is the name of a PCX picture file,
        "jumping" to it displays that picture on the screen. For
        example, moving the screen cursor to the word SATURN.PCX
        and pressing the <J> key will display a sketch of Saturn.
        Pressing any keyboard key (except control keys like Shift,
        Ctrl, or Alt) or either mouse button will return you to the
        document text.
           If the link word is an executable file name with an EXE,
        COM, or BAT extension, "jumping" to it will cause
        HyperRead to run that program (assuming that it exists in
        the current directory). For example, jumping from the word
        NOTHING.COM will run the NOTHING.COM program. When the
        program or batch file finishes running, HyperRead will
        come back and display the page it was on before you ran the
        program.

        Backtrack

           This function allows you to reverse the effects of the
        Jump function. When you press the <B> key, the computer
        will take you back to the page containing the most recently
        used link word. For example, if you jumped to a destination
        page using the link word "Thomas Edison," pressing the <B>
        key would take you back to the page containing "Thomas
        Edison."
           You can use the backtrack function repeatedly. For
        example, suppose you jumped to a page pointed to by "Thomas
        Edison" and that page contained the link word "light bulb."
        You then used the "light bulb" link word to jump to another
        page. Pressing the <B> key twice would jump back to the
        page containing "light bulb" and then to the page
        containing "Thomas Edison." You can repeat this process
        until you reach the page containing the first link word you
        used.

        Search

           This option allows you to search the document for a
        specific text string, such as a name. It is handy if you
        want to find information on a subject, and there is no link
        word on the screen that would take you to that subject.
           When you pick this option, the computer will ask you for
        the string of text to search for. Type the string and press
        ENTER. If you have already used this option, the default
        will be the last string you searched for. This allows you
        to easily continue the search if you want more information
        on the string.
           The computer will always begin the search at the line
        the screen cursor is on in the document. It does not find
        any appearances of the string that occur before this in the
        document.
           The search is case-insensitive. That is, it disregards
        capitalization. If you asked the computer to search for
        "home," it would find "home," "Home," and "HOME."
           The program searches each line of text for the search
        string. It will not find the string if it is broken by the
        end of a line. For example, if the string were "George
        Washington," the program would not find it if the text
        contained the word George on one line and Washington on the
        next. For this reason, it is best if you limit your search
        string to one word if possible.
           When the program finds the search string, it displays
        the page of text containing the string. The line containing
        the string will be at the top of the screen. If the
        document does not contain the string after the current
        screen cursor position, the program will display a message
        saying "String not found. Press space bar to continue."
        When you press the space bar, the text will be at the same
        point where you started the search.

        Print

           The Print function will send a copy of the document to
        the printer. If the document contains page feed characters,
        HyperRead will use those to format the document.
        Otherwise, HyperRead will create its own formatting. It
        will print out the document with margins at the top and
        bottom of the page and a page number at the bottom of each
        page.
           To use this feature, set the printer at the top of a
        page of formfeed paper, turn it on, and press the <P> key
        on the keyboard. This is intended primarily for people who
        are distributing HyperRead instructions for their Shareware
        or public domain programs. This makes it unnecessary to
        include a separate ASCII file of the instructions to print.

        Mouse Support

           If you have a mouse driver installed, HyperRead will
        support the mouse. If you have a mouse driver installed,
        you will have two cursors on the screen. One is controlled
        by the mouse and one is controlled by the keyboard cursor
        keys. The mouse cursor is somewhat darker in color. You
        might need to move the mouse around a bit to help you find
        the mouse cursor.
           You can use the mouse to operate the HyperRead
        navigation functions. Moving the mouse cursor to the word
        PgUp at the bottom of the screen and pressing the left
        mouse button (known as "clicking on it") has the same
        effect as pressing the <PgUp> key. Clicking on PgUp with
        the left mouse button has the same effect as <Ctrl-PgUp>.
        Clicking on PgDn at the bottom of the screen with the left
        mouse button has the same effect as pressing <PgDn>.
        Clicking on it with the right mouse button has the same
        effect as <Ctrl-PgDn>. Clicking on Home or End at the
        bottom of the screen with either mouse button has the same
        effect as pressing the <Home> or <End> buttons.
           Clicking on a link word with the left mouse button
        causes HyperRead to jump to the information referenced by
        that link word, just as pressing the <J> key does. Pressing
        the right mouse button causes HyperRead to backtrack
        through the links just like pressing the <B> key does,
        regardless of where the mouse cursor is located.
           Other functions, such as Load, Quit, and Search, cannot
        be controlled using the mouse. In some cases this is to
        prevent you from accidentally activating the function (like
        Quit) with the mouse. In other cases it is because the
        function requires keyboard input anyway, such as the word
        to search for.

        Using HyperRead Generator

           HyperRead Generator creates the HyperRead control file
        that allows HyperRead to read a HyperRead file. First,
        you must create the document you want to convert to
        hypertext on your own word processor or text editor. Almost
        any word processor will do, provided it can create and save
        a file with the following characteristics:

        1) The file must be saved in plain ASCII.
        2) There must be a carriage return at the end of each line
        3) Each line of the file must be less than 80 characters
        long. If your word processor saves a document with lines
        longer than this, you must use some text editor or other
        program to break up the lines into lines of 79 characters
        or less. The EDIT function that comes with DOS 5.0 and
        above will serve nicely for this purpose.
        4) The document may contain page feed characters (ASCII
        character 12) to force page feeds. However, it must not
        contain tab characters (ASCII character 9). Convert any
        such characters in your document to a series of spaces.
        5) The lines of the document may not contain any embedded
        line feeds other than those that accompany carriage returns.
        6) The document may not contain any nonprinting characters,
        such as bells or Esc characters. It may contain printable
        ASCII characters, such as graphic characters (ASCII 129 and
        above).
        What all this really amounts to is that the document must
        be pure ASCII.
           When you run HyperRead Generator (HRG4.EXE) or select the
        Load option, HyperRead Generator will ask if you are loading
        a new file. A new file would be an ASCII document that you
        have not yet created a HyperRead control file for. If you
        press Y, HyperRead Generator will display a directory of
        all documents in the correct directory and ask you which
        one to load. Type the full name and press ENTER. HyperRead
        Generator will then load the file.
           If you press N when the program asks you if it is a new
        file, HyperRead Generator will display a list of HyperRead
        control files. Type the name of the file you want to load
        and press ENTER. You can then add new links to the old
        document.
           Once you have loaded a file, HyperRead Generator
        operates very much like the HyperRead program. You load
        and view files the same way as with HyperRead. HyperRead
        Generator simply has several additional options that allow
        you to create the link words and save the new document to
        disk. The Print and Help HyperRead options are omitted
        from HyperRead Generator. You do not need these options
        with HyperRead Generator, anyway. You do no need the Help
        option, since you can print out the manual using
        HyperRead. You also can use your copy of HyperRead to
        print the file, if you want to see how it looks printed out
        by HyperRead.
           The additional options for HyperRead Generator are Mark,
        Unmark, and Disk. These options are explained below.

        Mark

           This is the option to create the HyperRead links that
        allow the reader to jump from one part of the document to
        another. You can create up to 1000 links in each document.
        If you try to create more, the computer will just beep at
        you.
           To create a link, move the document with the <PgUp> and
        <PgDn> keys so the word or phrase you want to turn into a
        link phrase is on the screen. Then use the cursor keys to
        move the screen cursor to the beginning of the word or
        phrase. Press the <M> key. Use the right cursor key to move
        the cursor to the end of the desired link word or phrase.
        You will notice that the word becomes blue (or reverse
        video with a monochrome display) as you move the cursor.
        You can use the left cursor key to backtrack if you go too
        far.
           When you have marked the entire link word or phrase,
        press the ENTER key. That ends the marking. Now move the
        document to the part of the document that you want the link
        word to point to (called the destination page). You can use
        all the normal movement techniques, such as PgUp, PgDn,
        Home, and End, to move within the document. You can even
        use the Search or Jump options.
           When you have found the beginning of the destination
        page, move the screen cursor (with the cursor keys) to the
        desired first line of the destination page. That is, the
        line that you want to be at the top of the screen when the
        user selects the link word. With the cursor on that line,
        press the <M> key again. The link is now established. The
        computer will then go back to the page with the link word.
           You can abort the marking process at any time until you
        have marked the destination page. Just press the <Esc> key
        to abort marking.
           The entire link word or phrase must be on one line. That
        is, once you have marked the beginning of the link phrase
        with the <M> key, you cannot move to the next line. Suppose
        you want to mark a phrase that is split at the end of a
        line. To do this, first mark the phrase up to the end of
        the first line. Hit the ENTER key, go to the destination
        page, and mark it with the <M> key just as you normally
        would. Then go back to the link phrase, mark the rest of
        the phrase starting at the beginning of the second line.
        Point this link phrase at the same destination page. What
        you are actually doing is creating two link phrases that
        point at the same page. It will act, however, as if the
        link phrase extended over several lines.
           If you want to create a link to a PCX file so that
        jumping from that link displays the file, simply include
        the name of the file in your ASCII document. Then mark the
        entire file name including the .PCX extension. After you have
        marked the word and pressed ENTER, simply press M to link
        the word to itself. If the link word ends in ".PCX", HyperRead
        automatically assumes that it is a PCX file and tries to load 
        it. For example, the file name SATURN.PCX has been included 
        in this document and linked. Clicking on it with the left 
        mouse button or pressing the <J> key while the screen cursor 
        is on it will display the picture. If the program cannot find 
        this PCX file, it will display an error message.
           If you want to create a link to an EXE, COM, or batch file 
        so HyperRead will run that program, simply put the name of the 
        program in your ASCII text document. You must include the 
        ".EXE", ".COM", or ".BAT" extension in the name. You may 
        include command-line parameters. Mark the full name of the file 
        (including command-line parameters) and link the word to 
        itself. For example, NOTHING.COM has been marked in this 
        document. If HyperRead cannot find the file when you try to 
        jump to it, HyperRead will return to its original state with 
        no error message.

        Unmark

           This function allows you to remove a link. Use the
        keyboard cursor keys to move the screen cursor to the link
        phrase you want to remove. Then press the <U> key. The
        phrase will no longer be a link phrase.

        Disk

           Pressing the <D> key causes the program to save the
        HyperRead control file on disk. If this is the first time
        you have saved this file, HyperRead Generator saves the
        file with the same name as the original ASCII text file,
        but with the HRF extension replacing whatever extension
        your ASCII file had. If you loaded a document that already
        had a control file, HyperRead Generator will use the same
        name the control file had when you loaded it. You should
        always save the control file before ending the program if
        you have made any changes in it (marked or unmarked any
        link words).
           HyperRead Generator does not modify the original ASCII
        document file in any way. Only the control file is changed
        or created.

        PCX graphics

           For HyperRead or HyperRead Generator to display a
        graphic, it must be in the 16 color, 640 by 350 pixel
        format. There are basically two ways to generate such
        pictures. You can use a scanner to scan existing hard copy
        pictures, or you can create such pictures using a paint
        program such as Windows Paintbrush. If you use the scanner,
        you must be careful to set the scanning program to generate
        the proper type of file. If you use a paint program, you
        must be sure to set the palette and picture properties
        correctly. The easiest way to do this is to load the
        BLANK.PCX file provided with HyperRead Generator into the
        paint program. This will automatically configure the paint
        program to the proper settings. You can then draw on the
        blank screen. When you are finished, save the picture using
        the Save As option and give the picture a different name.
        If you do not change the name, you will overwrite the
        BLANK.PCX file, making it harder to create pictures in the
        future.
           Note: Some paint programs, including Windows Paint,
        create pictures that are slightly distorted (thinner) when
        viewed by HyperRead. To compensate for this, you might
        want to draw the pictures a little thicker horizontally
        than you want them to appear on the screen. The pictures
        will then look correct when displayed by HyperRead. You
        might want to create a few sample pictures of circles and
        squares and load these into HyperRead to check this out
        before you create any elaborate pictures with your paint
        program.

        Modifying HyperRead documents

           Once you have created a HyperRead control file for a
        document, you should not change the ASCII text file. Doing
        so can mess up your link pointers or cause other
        undesirable results. In particular, any change that
        decreases the total number of lines in the file will cause
        HyperRead to crash when trying to load the file. If you
        add lines, the new lines will not be read in when you load
        the document into HyperRead. If you add lines in the
        middle of a document, all links after the added lines will
        be in the wrong places. Adding text in a line will cause
        all links on that line after the added text to be wrong.
        About the only changes you can make to the ASCII file are
        minor corrections to lines that contain no links, provided
        the corrections do not change the number of lines in the
        file. (Of course, you could unmark the links and then
        restore them after you make the corrections.) For these
        reasons, it is strongly recommended that you thoroughly
        proofread your document before you run it through HyperRead
        Generator. Of course, in a worst case scenario, you can
        delete the control file for your document and start all
        over with the linking process by loading the modified
        document into HyperRead Generator as a new file.

        Mouse support

           HyperRead Generator uses the mouse the same way as
        HyperRead.

        System Requirements

           Both HyperRead and HyperRead Generator should run on
        any IBM compatible computer with at least 256 K of memory.
        The text portion of the document  will display on any
        display system, even an old MDA card with a monochrome
        display. To display the PCX files, you must have an EGA or
        better graphic card. The Print option will work with any
        type of printer, even a daisy-wheel.

        Distributing HyperRead Documents

          To distribute a HyperRead Document, you need to include
        in the package the following items:

        1) Your original ASCII text file.
        2) The HyperRead control file for that document with the
        HRF extension.
        3) The HyperRead program. This is a freeware program, so
        you can distribute unlimited copies. It is suggested but
        not required that you include the READER.DOC and READER.HRF
        files with the program itself so the user can fully
        understand the features of the reader. Otherwise, your
        document itself should include considerable instructions on
        how to use HyperRead.
        4) Any PCX, COM, EXE, or BAT files that you have linked
        with your document.

        Uses for HyperRead

           You can use this program to create any type of
        easy-to-read document you like. For example, you can create
        a HyperRead instruction manual. The users can quickly zero
        in on any problems they have by using link words to go to
        more and more specific descriptions of the problem. This
        document is an example of such a file. Instruction manuals
        for shareware programs are a particularly good use for
        HyperRead.
           HyperRead reference "books" can also be easy to use.
        Consider a HyperRead cookbook. The first few pages of the
        HyperRead file could be a list of recipes. The name of each
        recipe could be a link word or phrase. The user could jump
        directly to the recipe by pointing to it with the cursor
        and pressing the <J> key. Within the recipes, some of the
        more unusual ingredients could be link words. These links
        could take the reader to a section at the end of the "book"
        that gives information on the ingredients.
           In a similar fashion, you could make each item in a
        table of contents of any file a link phrase. The reader can
        then jump directly to that page using the link phrase.
           A more entertaining use of the HyperRead function is
        interactive fiction. This is an increasingly popular form
        of literature. In such a book, the reader does not read the
        book from start to finish. Instead, the book offers the
        reader choices on what to read. A typical story might say
        something like, "If you want to explore the cave, turn to
        page 38. If you want to continue on the path, go to the
        next page." With HyperRead, you could have the reader
        select which action to take by selecting the proper link
        phrase. The program would then take the reader to the
        proper page. This is similar to text adventure games.

        Registering HyperRead Generator

           HyperRead Generator is shareware. You are free to
        experiment with it and create test documents for as long as
        you like. However, before you may distribute any HyperRead
        documents you create with HyperRead Generator, you are
        required to register it by sending $25.00 to:

                      Leithauser Research
                      4649 Van Kleeck Drive
                      New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169

           This is a one-time fee. Once you have registered
        HyperRead Generator, you may use it on one computer to
        create as many HyperRead documents as you like without
        paying any additional fees.

        Registering HyperRead Generator gives you several benefits:

        1) You can legally distribute documents created with
           HyperRead Generator
        2) You will receive the latest version of HyperRead
           Generator when you register
        3) You will automatically receive fixed versions of
           HyperRead and HyperRead Generator if any bugs are
           discovered
        4) You will receive announcements of major upgrades and
           have the opportunity to receive these upgrades for
           just $5 S&H.
        5) You will receive several utility programs that help
           in using HyperRead. These utilities help you format
           your text files into the proper format for HyperRead
           Generator and allow you to edit files after they have
           been hypertexted by HyperRead Generator.
